tab001jal: Characteristics of protrusive cell-matrix contacts

Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine: http://www.expertreviews.org/
Accession information: (02)00407-6h.htm (shortcode: tab001jal); 11 February 2002
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Characteristics of protrusive cell–matrix contacts

Josephine Clare Adams

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Table 1. Characteristics of protrusive cell–matrix contacts (tab001jal)
Contact type	Cell context	Characteristics	Molecular components
Filopodium	Many cell types, especially growth cones, early embryonic cells	Finger-like shape: 0.2–0.5 mm diameter, 10–200 mm length	M: LN, HB-GAM CS: b1 integrins, syndecan 1 or 3 L: Mena/VASP, vinculin, ptyr, N-WASP, cofilin F: actin, bundled by fascin or filamin
Invadopodium	Cancer cells	Sites of matrix degradation implicated in motility in 3-D matrix	M: collagen, FN + ND CS: a3b1 integrin, seprase, gelatinase A L: pp60^v-src, ptyr, p190RhoGAP, cortactin, paxillin, PKC F: actin network
Lamella/ lamelipodium	Many cell types	Broad protrusion of leading edge; edge can roll back to form ruffle	M: FN (transient), TSP-1, FN-CCB, hep II fragment, PF4 (stable) CS: b1 integrins, layilin L: talin, zyxin, Mena/VASP, ERM, Rac, Arp2/3 F: actin network
Podosome	Monocytes/ macrophages, osteoclasts, virally transformed fibroblasts	0.4 mm diameter protrusions, rapid turnover	M: LN + ? CS: b1 and b2 integrins, avb3 L: vinculin, talin, a-actinin, gelsolin, ptyr, Arp2/3, PYK2, p130^cas F: actin core, bundled by fimbrin
Pseudopodium	Cancer cells, early blastocytes, extravasating leukocytes, fibroblasts	Lobular, smooth-edged protrusion of leading edge in culture; cylindrical structure with marginal spikes and ruffles in 3-D matrix	M: FN, LNs, collagen CS: b1 integrin, CD44 L: ezrin + ND F: actin network
Spike/ microspike	Many cell types, growth cones	Projection: 0.2–0.5 mm diameter, 2–10 mm length	M: TSP-1, TN-C, LN (stable), FN (transient) CS: syndecan 1, a6b4 (context dependent) L: Rac, Cdc42 + ND F: actin, bundled by fascin
Abbreviations for molecular components: M, matrix components; CS, cell-surface components; L, linker complex components; F, associated cytoskeletal filament system. Abbreviations for molecules: Arp2/3, actin-related proteins 2/3 complex; ERM, ezrin–radixin–moesin family of proteins; FN, fibronectin; FN-CCB, FN central cell-binding domain; hep II, heparin-binding site II of FN; HB-GAM, heparin-binding growth-associated molecule; GAP, GTPase-activating protein; LN, laminin; Mena/VASP, mouse enabled-like/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein family of proteins; N-WASP, neuronal Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein; PF4, platelet factor 4; PKC, protein kinase C; ptyr, phosphotyrosine-containing proteins; PYK2, proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2; TSP-1, thrombospondin 1; TN-C, tenascin-C. ND, not determined.‘Transient’ and ‘stable’ refer to the dynamics of turnover of the contact.

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