Lako_tab3: Summary of differentiation schemes used to produce various cell types from human embryonic stem cells

Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine: http://www.expertreviews.org/
Accession information: Vol. 7; Issue 19; 20 September 2005 Abstract
PDF

Summary of differentiation schemes used to produce various cell types from human embryonic stem cells

Louise A. Hyslop, Lyle Armstrong, Miodrag Stojkovic and Majlinda Lako

Author contact details

Table 3. Summary of differentiation schemes used to produce various cell types from human embryonic stem cells
Cell derivative	Method outline	Comment	Refs
Ectoderm
Keratinocytes	EBs plated on monolayer	Progressive succession of keratinocyte markers	117
Neuronal cells	EBs in medium supplemented with GFs	RA and NGF enhanced neuronal differentiation	118
	Neurospheres in medium with FGF-2 and EGF	Neural progenitors were maintained in culture up to 20 weeks	119
	EBs plated, and medium supplemented with FGF-2	Neural precursors differentiated into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes	120
	EBs in medium conditioned by HepG2 cells	Differentiation into neurons expressing MAP-2, neurofilament H or TH markers	121
	hESCs seeded on scaffold, and medium supplemented with GFs	Neural rosette-like structures developed throughout the scaffolds	122
	Co-culture of hESCs with PA6 stromal cells	Neural cells co-expressed markers of sympathetic and peripheral sensory neurons	123
Dopaminergic neurons	Co-culture of hESCs with PA6 stromal cells	Dopaminergic neurons integrated into rat striatum	124
	Co-culture of hESCs with PA6 cells; then culture on fibronectin-coated plates in medium with GFs	95% of differentiated cells expressed neural precursor markers and >40% were TH⁺	125
	Co-culture of hESCs with Ms5 or S2 cells; replated in medium with GFs	High yield of dopaminergic neurons	60
Mesoderm
Cardiomyocytes	Spontaneous differentiation of hESCs	Culture and differentiation enhanced with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine	70
	EBs plated on gelatine-coated plates; contracting areas were dissected	Formed structural and electromechanical connections with cultured rat cardiomyocytes	56, 69
	Co-culture of hESCs with visceral- endoderm-like cells	Cardiomyocytes were immature	57
Endothelial cells	EBs plated on Matrigel-coated plates in endothelial medium	Isolated PECAM1⁺ cells displayed characteristics similar to vessel endothelium	126
Haematopoietic precursors	hESCs encapsulated in agarose hydrogel microcapsules and stirred in bioreactors	Enhanced differentiation of progenitors especially under hypoxic conditions	127
	EBs in medium containing serum and/or cytokines	Progenitors restricted to progeny population expressing cell surface CD45	58
	Co-culture of hESCs with S17 or C166 stromal cells	Myeloid, erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation observed	59, 128
	Co-culture of hESCs with OP9 stromal cells	CD34⁺ cells generated could differentiate to myeloid and lymphoid cells	129
Osteogenic cells	hESCs treated with osteogenic factors	Mineralised nodules composed of hydroxyapatite were established in culture	130
Endoderm
Hepatocytes	hESCs treated with sodium butyrate	Differentiated cells showed morphological features of primary hepatocytes, and expressed liver-associated proteins	131
Hepatocytes	hESCs on collagen-I-coated plates in modified medium	Differentiated cells expressed human albumin	132
Nonfunctional insulin-secreting cells	EB differentiation in medium supplemented with FGF-2	Occasional insulin-expressing cells in day 14 EBs, with increase in number by day 19	133
Extraembryonic tissues
Extraembryonic endoderm	hESCs treated with BMP-2	BMP-2 controls differentiation to extraembryonic endoderm	134
Trophectoderm	hESCs treated with BMP-4 in serum-free medium containing FGF-2	Range of trophoblast markers expressed and placental hormones secreted	28
Germ cells
Germ cells	Spontaneous differentiation using the EB system	Immature and mature germ cell markers expressed during EB differentiation	135
Abbreviations: BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; EBs, embryoid bodies; EGF, epidermal growth factor; FGF-2, basic fibroblast growth factor; GFs, growth factors; hESCs, human embryonic stem cells; MAP-2, microtubule associated protein 2; NGF, nerve growth factor; RA, retinoic acid; TH, tyrosine hydroxylase; PECAM1, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1.

References cited in Table 3

28 Xu, R.H. et al. (2002) BMP4 initiates human embryonic stem cell differentiation to trophoblast. Nat Biotechnol 20, 1261-1264, PubMed

56 Kehat, I. et al. (2001) Human embryonic stem cells can differentiate into myocytes with structural and functional properties of cardiomyocytes. J Clin Invest 108, 407-414, PubMed

57 Mummery, C. et al. (2002) Cardiomyocyte differentiation of mouse and human embryonic stem cells. J Anat 200, 233-242, PubMed

58 Chadwick, K. et al. (2003) Cytokines and BMP-4 promote hematopoietic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Blood 102, 906-915, PubMed

59 Tian, X. et al. (2004) Cytokine requirements differ for stroma and embryoid body-mediated hematopoiesis from human embryonic stem cells. Exp Hematol 32, 1000-1009, PubMed

60 Perrier, A.L. et al. (2004) Derivation of midbrain dopamine neurons from human embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101, 12543-12548, PubMed

69 Kehat, I. et al. (2004) Electromechanical integration of cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 22, 1282-1289, PubMed

70 Xu, C. et al. (2002) Characterization and enrichment of cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells. Circ Res 91, 501-508, PubMed

117 Green, H., Easley, K. and Iuchi, S. (2003) Marker succession during the development of keratinocytes from cultured human embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100, 15625-15630, PubMed

118 Schuldiner, M. et al. (2001) Induced neuronal differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Brain Res 913, 201-205, PubMed

119 Reubinoff, B.E. et al. (2001) Neural progenitors from human embryonic stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 19, 1134-1140, PubMed

120 Zhang, S.C. et al. (2001) In vitro differentiation of transplantable neural precursors from human embryonic stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 19, 1129-1133, PubMed

121 Schulz, T.C. et al. (2003) Directed neuronal differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. BMC Neurosci 4, 27, PubMed

122 Levenberg, S. et al. (2005) Neurotrophin-induced differentiation of human embryonic stem cells on three-dimensional polymeric scaffolds. Tissue Eng 11, 506-512, PubMed

123 Pomp, O. et al. (2005) Generation of peripheral sensory and sympathetic neurons and neural crest cells from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 23, 923-990, PubMed

124 Zeng, X. et al. (2004) Dopaminergic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 22, 925-940, PubMed

125 Park, C.H. et al. (2005) In vitro and in vivo analyses of human embryonic stem cell-derived dopamine neurons. J Neurochem 92, 1265-1276, PubMed

126 Levenberg, S. et al. (2002) Endothelial cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99, 4391-4396, PubMed

127 Dang, S.M. et al. (2002) Efficiency of embryoid body formation and hematopoietic development from embryonic stem cells in different culture systems. Biotechnol Bioeng 78, 442-453, PubMed

128 Kaufman, D.S. et al. (2001) Hematopoietic colony-forming cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98, 10716-10721, PubMed

129 Vodyanik, M.A. et al. (2005) Human embryonic stem cell-derived CD34+ cells: efficient production in the coculture with OP9 stromal cells and analysis of lymphohematopoietic potential. Blood 105, 617-626, PubMed

130 Sottile, V., Thomson, A. and McWhir, J. (2003) In vitro osteogenic differentiation of human ES cells. Cloning Stem Cells 5, 149-155, PubMed

131 Rambhatla, L. et al. (2003) Generation of hepatocyte-like cells from human embryonic stem cells. Cell Transplant 12, 1-11, PubMed

132 Shirahashi, H. et al. (2004) Differentiation of human and mouse embryonic stem cells along a hepatocyte lineage. Cell Transplant 13, 197-211, PubMed

133 Assady, S. et al. (2001) Insulin production by human embryonic stem cells. Diabetes 50, 1691-1697, PubMed

134 Pera, M.F. et al. (2004) Regulation of human embryonic stem cell differentiation by BMP-2 and its antagonist noggin. J Cell Sci 117, 1269-1280, PubMed

135 Clark, A.T. et al. (2004) Spontaneous differentiation of germ cells from human embryonic stem cells in vitro. Hum Mol Genet 13, 727-739, PubMed

| home | search | glossary | links | sitemap | contact |

Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine © Cambridge University Press ISSN 1462-3994 (Disclaimer and copyright)
Editorial Office: Centre for Applied Research in Educational Technologies (CARET), 1st Floor, 16 Mill Lane, Cambridge, CB2 1SB, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1223 765 375; Fax: +44(0)1223 765 505; E-mail: ermm@caret.cam.ac.uk