Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine: http://www.expertreviews.org/
Accession information: Vol. 7; Issue 27; 2 December 2005 Abstract
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Select cytokine-inducible regions in the HIV-1 LTR

Tracy Fischer-Smith and Jay Rappaport

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Figure 2. Select cytokine-inducible regions in the HIV-1 LTR. Binding sites within the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) for specific transcription factors are shown. In macrophages, cytokine-induced transcription factor binding might enhance virus replication under unconstrained pro-inflammatory conditions. Although having no effect on the ability of the virus to infect cells, the extracellular cytokine environment may confer cellular tropism (the ability of the virus to replicate in specific cells) by restricting or promoting LTR activity in a cell-specific manner. Abbreviations: C/EBP, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein; NF-IL6, nuclear factor IL-6; NF-kB, nuclear factor kappa B; R, transcription regulatory region; Sp1, stimulatory protein 1 (Sp1); U3, 3' untranslated region; U5, 5' untranslated region; USF, upstream stimulating factor.

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