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Expert
Reviews in Molecular Medicine: http://www.expertreviews.org/
Accession information: Vol. 8; Issue 6; 24 March 2006 Abstract
PDF
The acute-phase reaction
Tracey J. Lamb, Douglas E. Brown, Alexandre J. Potocnik and Jean Langhorne
Figure 2. The acute-phase
reaction. The acute-phase reaction occurs via the secretion of acute-phase
cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 and tumour necrosis factor a
(TNF-a). These cytokines are secreted from antigen-presenting
cells such as dendritic cells or macrophages upon recognition of malaria parasites
via pattern-recognition receptors. Pro-inflammatory responses upregulate cytokine
receptors in different parts of the brain, which mediate the effects of the
acute-phase response such as alterations in thermoregulation of the body
and loss of appetite. For example, Utsuyama and Hirokawa (Ref. 76)
have demonstrated upregulation of the receptors for IL-1 (IL-1R), IL-6 (IL-6)
and interferon g (IFN-gR)
in the hypothalmus and pituitary gland, and the receptor for TNF-a
(TNF-aR) in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and
pituitary gland of the brains of mice injected with lipopolysaccharide (a mimic
for sepsis). The acute-phase-response-associated cytokines also trigger
the release of acute-phase proteins such as C-reactive protein from hepatocytes
in the liver. Acute-phase proteins are opsonic and might help with clearance
of malaria parasites.
| References cited
in Figure 2
76 Utsuyama, M. and Hirokawa, K. (2002) Differential expression of various cytokine receptors in the brain after stimulation with LPS in young and old mice. Exp Gerontol 37, 411-420, PubMed |
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