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Expert
Reviews in Molecular Medicine: http://www.expertreviews.org/
Accession information: Vol. 8; Issue 6; 24 March 2006 Abstract
PDF
Polymorphic immune response genes associated with malarial disease
Tracey J. Lamb, Douglas E. Brown, Alexandre J. Potocnik and Jean Langhorne
| Table 3. Polymorphic immune response genes associated with malarial disease | ||
| Immune component | Function in malaria | Evidence for polymorphisms |
| Tumour necrosis factor a (promoter and receptor) | Pro-inflammatory cytokine; endogenous pyrogen | Refs 41, 42, 165, 166 |
| Inducible nitric oxide synthase | Generates nitric oxide from L-arginine | Refs 167, 168 |
| Interleukin 1b | Component of the acute-phase response; involved in fever induction | Refs 169, 170 |
| Interleukin 12 p40 (Interleukin 12) (Interleukin 23) |
IL-12: induction of
pro-inflammatory responses IL-23: not yet studied in malaria, but induces CD4+ T cells to produce IL-17, IL-6 and TNF-a |
Ref. 171 |
| Interleukin 4 | Th2 cytokine promoting plasma cell formation and antibody secretion | Ref. 172 |
| Interleukin 13 | Anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokine promoting resistance in several other protozoan infections, but function in malaria unknown; promotes B-cell switching to IgE | Ref. 173 |
| Human leukocyte antigens | Present peptides to the immune system | Ref. 174 |
| Abbreviations: IgE, immunoglobulin E; IL, interleukin; Th2, T-helper 2; TNF-a, tumour necrosis factor a. | ||
| References cited
in Table 3
41 McGuire, W. et al. (1994) Variation in the TNF-alpha promoter region associated with susceptibility to cerebral malaria. Nature 371, 508-510, PubMed 42 Knight, J.C. et al. (1999) A polymorphism that affects OCT-1 binding to the TNF promoter region is associated with severe malaria. Nat Genet 22, 145-150, PubMed 165 Ubalee, R. et al. (2001) Strong association of a tumor necrosis factor-alpha promoter allele with cerebral malaria in Myanmar. Tissue Antigens 58, 407-410, PubMed 166 McGuire, W. et al. (1999) Severe malarial anemia and cerebral malaria are associated with different tumor necrosis factor promoter alleles. J Infect Dis 179, 287-290, PubMed 167 Kun, J.F. et al. (1998) Polymorphism in promoter region of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene and protection against malaria. Lancet 351, 265-266, PubMed 168 Burgner, D. et al. (1998) Inducible nitric oxide synthase polymorphism and fatal cerebral malaria. Lancet 352, 1193-1194, PubMed 169 Walley, A.J. et al. (2004) Interleukin-1 gene cluster polymorphisms and susceptibility to clinical malaria in a Gambian case-control study. Eur J Hum Genet 12, 132-138, PubMed 170 Gyan, B. et al. (2002) Polymorphisms in interleukin-1beta and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist genes and malaria in Ghanaian children. Scand J Immunol 56, 619-622, PubMed 171 Morahan, G. et al. (2002) A promoter polymorphism in the gene encoding interleukin-12 p40 (IL12B) is associated with mortality from cerebral malaria and with reduced nitric oxide production. Genes Immun 3, 414-418, PubMed 172 Gyan, B.A. et al. (2004) Allelic polymorphisms in the repeat and promoter regions of the interleukin-4 gene and malaria severity in Ghanaian children. Clin Exp Immunol 138, 145-150, PubMed 173 Ohashi, J. et al. (2003) A single-nucleotide substitution from C to T at position -1055 in the IL-13 promoter is associated with protection from severe malaria in Thailand. Genes Immun 4, 528-531, PubMed 174 Hill, A.V. et al. (1991) Common west African HLA antigens are associated with protection from severe malaria. Nature 352, 595-600, PubMed |
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