Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine: http://www.expertreviews.org/
DOI: 10.1017/S1462399407000348; 11 July 2007
Ming Tan and Xi Jiang (2007) Norovirus-host interaction: implications for disease control and prevention. Expert Rev. Mol. Med. Vol. 9, Issue 19, DOI: 10.1017/S1462399407000348

Norovirus–host interaction: implications for disease control and prevention

Ming Tan ^a1 and Xi Jiang ^{a1 c1}

^a1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA.

^c1 Corresponding author: Xi Jiang, Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH45229-3039, USA. Tel: +1 513 636 0119; Fax: +1 513 636 7655; E-mail: jason.jiang@cchmc.org

Noroviruses (NVs) are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis epidemics in both developing and developed countries and affect people of all ages. Three main human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) – the ABO, Lewis and secretor families – are involved in NV recognition and eight strain-specific receptor-binding patterns in two major binding groups have been described. The receptor-binding interface is located at the outermost surface of the P domain of the viral capsid. Each interface contains two major binding sites and each site interacts with a carbohydrate side-chain of the HBGAs via multiple hydrogen bonds. Soluble HBGAs in human milk are able to block binding of NV to HBGA receptors, suggesting a potential decoy receptor for the protection of infants from NV infection. Phylogenetic analysis has revealed limited genetic relatedness among NVs with similar receptor-binding patterns. This review summarises and discusses recent advances and highlights implications for future studies in the control and prevention of NV gastroenteritis.

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